Florida

A weak Spanish colony with few settlers
To encourage growth, Spain offered freedom to runaway British slaves
Britain created Georgia as a buffer between the colonies and Spain
Spain created Fort Mose in 1738, a town of free blacks north of St. Augustine, to buffer between itself and Britain
Small French colonies also sprung up, threatening Spanish Florida further. Spain was attacked often by France and Britain

Attacks
Pirates and Indian slaves also attacked Spanish settlements.
To survive, the Spanish allied with the Apalachee tribe
Spain continued the mission system to convert freedmen and Indians to Catholicism
Britain, realizing the growing southern threat, allied with the Creeks and attacked the Apalachees. The tribe disbursed and many became slaves

1763
Spain
1763: Britain wins 7 Years War, takes Havana, Cuba from Spain
Spain trades Florida to get Cuba back
Florida becomes British, split into East and West colonies. Thousands of Spanish flee
Apalachee
Defeated by war and disease, Apalachees and other tribes were adopted into local nations
Many moved to present-day Alabama and Louisiana
Apalachees, escaped slaves, and Creeks merged to form a distinct Seminole nation
“tinctured with
Spanish civilization”
(p. 109)
Exiles and Expulsions
England became Britain after merging with Scotland in the early 1700s. East and West Florida, the British Caribbean, and Quebec all had Scottish governors (156)
To encourage growth, Britain offered large land grants to Florida settlers, more if settlers brought slaves (157)
See the peace conference on p. 102, involving the Creek, Cherokees, and Chocktaws

The British hoped settlers would move to Florida or Nova Scotia instead of crossing the Appalachians (94)
The Land Proclamation of 1763 attempted to keep settlers under control and protect the peace between European and Indian empires (map 95)
Previous negotiations made Creeks the most powerful of regional tribes, but by 1763 they had enemies and factions

Floridian Trade
Seminoles traded via canoe throughout the Gulf of Mexico: deerskins, honey, dried fish
British and Spanish colonies traded coffee, rum, sugar, tobacco
The Proclamation Line kept settlers away but encouraged trading licenses
Deerskins were in high demand. Indians rapidly depleted deer populations
More interdependence on international trade led to dependence on foreign goods. Lack of resources led to poverty and social unrest